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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 118(3): e300-e304, jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1116991

ABSTRACT

La osteoporosis es un trastorno para tener en cuenta en niños con patologías crónicas graves o con algunas enfermedades genéticas que predisponen al incremento de la fragilidad ósea. La osteoporosis primaria es una entidad con etiologías emergentes y puede ocurrir en forma sindrómica. La asociación con pliegues retinianos congénitos debe orientar al diagnóstico de osteoporosis-pseudoglioma (OMIM 259770), síndrome poco frecuente (prevalencia de 1/2000000), que se origina por la pérdida de función de la proteína LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5) y compromete la vía de señalización de Wnt/ß-catenina. Se presenta el caso de un niño con pliegues retinianos congénitos, ceguera progresiva y múltiples fracturas cuyo estudio clínico, bioquímico y genético confirmó el diagnóstico de osteoporosis primaria debido a una nueva variante inactivante en el gen LRP5 en homocigosis


Osteoporosis should be considered in children with severe chronic diseases or in association with some genetic diseases that bear an increased risk of bone fragility. Primary osteoporosis is an entity in which emerging aetiologies are being recognized. Its association with congenital retinal folds should guide the diagnosis to the Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma syndrome (OMIM 259770), a rare disease (prevalence of 1/2000000), caused by the loss of function of the protein LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5) resulting in the alteration of the Wnt/ß-catenin signalling pathway. We report the case of a child with congenital retinal folds, progressive loss of vision and multiple fractures whose clinical, biochemical and genetic studies confirmed the diagnosis of primary osteoporosis due to a novel homozygous inactivating variant in LRP5


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Osteoporosis/therapy , Blindness , Fractures, Multiple
2.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 60(270): 250-257, sept. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000377

ABSTRACT

La insuficiencia hipofisaria congénita es un trastorno originado en la alteración de la ontogenia de la glándula hipofisaria que determina la disminución o falta de trofinas hipofisarias: adrenocorticotropina, tirotropina, hormona de crecimiento, prolactina, gonadotrofinas y/u hormona antidiurética. Es una patología compleja e infrecuente que, debido a su signo sintomatología inespecífica, suele ser difícil de reconocer a edades tempranas, derivando en aumento de la morbilidad y eventualmente de la mortalidad. Durante el periodo neonatal, es característica la ictericia colestática asociada a hipoglucemias recurrentes. Puede formar parte de un cuadro sindrómico, siendo el más frecuente la displasia septoóptica, que asocia defectos de línea media y alteraciones oculares. La mayoría presenta anomalías anatómicas de la región selar y supraselar evidenciables en la Resonancia Magnética. El diagnóstico bioquímico tiene especificaciones particulares para la evaluación de cada trofina hipofisaria y de acuerdo a la edad del paciente. El tratamiento consiste en la terapia de reemplazo hormonal observándose buena respuesta en la mayoría de los pacientes. La detección precoz de los niños con insuficiencia hipofisaria permite la activación rápida y efectiva de una estrategia diagnóstica con la toma de muestras bioquímicas apropiadas, la consulta temprana al endocrinólogo infantil y la instauración del tratamiento específico


Congenital pituitary hormone deficiency is a disorder originated in pituitary gland ontogeny generating decrease or lack of pituitary hormones: adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin, growth hormone, prolactin, gonadotropins and/or antidiuretic hormone. It is a complex and infrequent disease usually difficult to recognize at an early age due to its non-specific symptomatology, resulting in increased morbidity and eventual mortality. During the neonatal period, cholestatic jaundice associated with recurrent hypoglycaemia is frequent. Pituitary hormone deficiency can be part of a syndrome; the most frequent is septo-optic dysplasia, associating midline defects and ocular disorders. Most have anatomical anomalies of the sellar and suprasellar region seen in magnetic resonance imaging. Biochemical diagnosis has particular specifications for the evaluation of each pituitary hormone and varies according to patient´s age. The treatment consists in hormone replacement therapy and generally with good results. The early detection of children with pituitary hormone deficiency allows the rapid and effective activation of a diagnostic strategy, facilitates the appropriate biochemical samples, the early contact with the pediatric endocrinologist and the establishment of specific treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Human Growth Hormone , Hypopituitarism , Pediatrics
3.
Rev. venez. endocrinol. metab ; 12(2): 76-88, jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-716444

ABSTRACT

Durante la infancia, el eje hipotálamo-hipófiso-testicular se encuentra parcialmente quiescente: bajan los niveles de gonadotrofinas y la secreción de testosterona disminuye siguiendo a la caída de la LH. Por el contrario, las células de Sertoli están activas, como lo demuestran los niveles séricos de hormona anti-mülleriana (AMH) e inhibina B. Por lo tanto, el hipogonadismo en la infancia puede ser puesto en evidencia, sin necesidad de pruebas de estímulo, si se evalúa la función de las células de Sertoli. La AMH sérica es alta desde la vida fetal hasta el inicio de la pubertad. La producción testicular de AMH aumenta en respuesta a la FSH pero es potentemente inhibida por los andrógenos. La inhibina B es alta en los primeros años de la vida, luego disminuye parcialmente aunque permanece claramente más alta que en las mujeres, y aumenta nuevamente en la pubertad. Las concentraciones séricas de AMH e inhibina B son indetectables en pacientes anórquidos. En el hipogonadismo primario que afecta a todo el testículo, establecido durante la vida fetal o la infancia, todos los marcadores testiculares están bajos. Cuando en el hipogonadismo están afectadas sólo las células de Leydig, la AMH y la inhibina B sérica son normales y/o altas, mientras que están bajas cuando se ven afectadas las células de Sertoli. La AMH y la inhibina B están bajas en varones con hipogonadismo central en edad prepuberal y continúan bajas en edad puberal. El tratamiento con FSH induce un aumento en los niveles séricos de los marcadores de la célula de Sertoli. En conclusión, la determinación de los niveles séricos de AMH e inhibina B es útil para evaluar la función testicular, sin necesidad de pruebas de estímulo, y orientar el diagnóstico etiológico en el hipogonadismo masculino en pediatría.


During childhood, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is partially quiescent: gonadotropin and testosterone levels decrease, but Sertoli cells remain active, as shown by serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B levels. Therefore, hypogonadism may be diagnosed during childhood, without the need for stimulation tests, provided Sertoli cell function is assessed. Serum AMH levels are high from fetal life until the onset of puberty. Testicular AMH production increases in response to FSH but is potently inhibited by androgens. Serum inhibin B levels are high until the age of 3-4 years in boys; although they decrease thereafter, they remain clearly higher than in girls of the same age. During the early stage of puberty, serum inhibin B increases again to reach adult values. AMH and inhibin B are undetectable in the serum of anorchid patients. In boys with fetalonset primary hypogonadism affecting the whole testicular parenchyma, AMH and inhibin B are low in serum. Conversely, they are normal or high when only the interstitial tissue of the gonads is impaired. AMH and inhibin B are low in children with central hypogonadism and persist low during pubertal age. FSH treatment induces an increase in both Sertoli cell markers. In conclusion, the determination of serum AMH and inhibin B levels is useful for the assessment of testicular function, without the need for stimulation tests, in pediatric patients.

4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(8): 622-627, nov. 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-610464

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal cholestasis due to endocrine diseases is infrequent and poorly reco-gnized. Referral to the pediatric endocrinologist is delayed. OBJECTIVE: We characterized cholestasis in infants with congenital pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD), and its resolution after hormone replacement therapy (HRT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients (12 males) were included; eleven with CPHD, and five with isolated central hypocortisolism. RESULTS: Onset of cholestasis occurred at a median age of 18 days of life (range 2-120). Ten and nine patients had elevated transaminases and γGT, respectively. Referral to the endocrinologist occurred at 32 days (range 1 - 72). Remission of cholestasis occurred at a median age of 65 days, whereas liver enzymes occurred at 90 days. In our cohort isolated, hypocortisolism was a transient disorder. CONCLUSION: Cholestasis due to hormonal deficiencies completely resolved upon introduction of HRT. Isolated hypocortisolism may be a transient cause of cholestasis that needs to be re-evaluated after remission of cholestasis.


INTRODUÇÃO: A colestase neonatal causada por doenças endócrinas é pouco frequente e reconhecida. Existe um atraso no encaminhamento dos pacientes a um endocrinologista pediátrico. OBJETIVO: Caracterizamos a colestase em recém-nascidos com deficiências congênitas de hormônio hipofisário (DCHH) e sua resolução após a terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Dezesseis pacientes (12 do sexo masculino) foram incluídos; sete com DCHH, e cinco com hipocortisolismo central isolado. RESULTADOS: O início da colestase ocorreu aos 18 dias de vida (variação 2-120). Dez e nove pacientes apresentaram elevação das transaminases e γGT, respectivamente. A consulta com um endocrinologista aconteceu aos 32 dias (variação 1-72). A remissão da colestase ocorreu em uma idade mediana de 65 dias, enquanto a remissão das enzimas hepáticas aconteceu aos 90 dias. Na coorte isolada, o hipocortisolismo foi uma desordem transitória. CONCLUSÃO: A colestase causada por deficiências hormonais foi completamente resolvida após a introdução da TRH. O hipocortisolismo pode ser uma causa transitória da colestase e precisa ser reavaliado após a remissão da colestase.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Adrenal Insufficiency/etiology , Cholestasis/etiology , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Hypopituitarism/congenital , Liver Diseases/etiology , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Age of Onset , Adrenal Insufficiency/physiopathology , Cholestasis/physiopathology , Follow-Up Studies , Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods , Hydrocortisone/deficiency , Hypopituitarism/drug therapy , Liver Diseases/physiopathology , Pituitary Hormones, Anterior/deficiency , Remission Induction , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
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